ืžื“ืจื™ืš

ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืžื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื

ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื”ื•ื ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ ืžืจืชืง ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช, ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœื ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื“ืจื ืœื™ืŸ. ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืœืžื ื•ืกื™ื ื›ืื—ื“, ื•ืžืฆื™ืข ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ืื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช.

ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘

ืžื‘ื•ื ื—ื–ื•ืชื™

ืื“ื ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ื—ื ื™ื•ืŸ
ื ื”ื’ ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืขื ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื
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ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืขืฅ ื—ื•ื ืขื ื’ื“ืจ ืžืชื›ืช ืืคื•ืจื”
Photo by Kouji Tsuru on Unsplash
ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžืชื—ืจื” ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”
Photo by Alef Morais on Unsplash
ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืคื ื™ื ื’ ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ ืชืœืช-ื’ืœื’ืœื™ ืื“ื•ื ืขื ืฉื ื™ ื ื•ืกืขื™ื
ืื“ื ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืชื ื’ืฉืช ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ
ืื“ื ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ื—ื ื™ื•ืŸ
Photo by Sorin Dandu on Unsplash
ื’ื‘ืจ ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขื ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื“ืจืš
ืื“ื ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ
ืื“ื ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื
ื ื”ื’ ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื•ื”ืจ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”
Photo by Alef Morais on Unsplash
ืื“ื ื‘ืขื’ืœื” ืขื ืขืจื™ืžืช ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื
Photo by Todd Jiang on Unsplash
ื’ื‘ืจ ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขื ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื“ืจืš
ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžืชื—ืจื” ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”
Photo by Alef Morais on Unsplash
ื’ื‘ืจ ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’
ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžืชื—ืจื” ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”
Photo by Alef Morais on Unsplash
ืื“ื ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’
ื’ื‘ืจ ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื•ืข ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืœื™ื“ ืขืจื™ืžืช ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื
ืื“ื ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื
ืื“ื ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ

ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื”

ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืขื–ืชื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื™. ื›ืฉื—ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื™ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื• ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืžืชื—ื ื”ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’, ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื‘ื—ืฉืฉ. "ืžื” ืื ืืชืงืฉื” ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœื™? ืžื” ืื ืื”ื™ื” ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”?" ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™. ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืฆืืช ืžืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืจื›ืฉืชื™ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื”. ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ, ื“ืžื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื—ื•ืœืฃ ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื“ื™ื, ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืจื•ื— ืžืœื˜ืคืช ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื.

ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”

ืขื ื”ืงืกื“ื” ื”ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืœืจืืฉื™ ื•ืืคื•ื“ ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘, ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืงืืจื˜. ืจื™ื— ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื•ื”ื“ืœืง ืžื™ืœื ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ. ื”ืžื ื•ืข ื”ืจืขื™ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื›ืฉืœื•ื—ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ื•ืฉื”, ื•ื”ื’ื– ื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืžื™ื“ ืœืžื’ืข ื”ืงืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืฃ ื”ืจื’ืœ ืฉืœื™. ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื™ืจื“ ื”ื“ื’ืœ ื”ื™ืจื•ืง, ืœื—ืฆืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ืงืืจื˜ ื–ื™ื ืง ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื›ืžื• ื—ืฅ ืžืงืฉืช. ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉืจืงื” ื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจืจืช. ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืื™ื‘ื“ืชื™ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืชื™ืงื ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ. ื”ืฆืขืงื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืžื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื“ืขื›ื• ื‘ืจืขืฉ ื”ืžื ื•ืข ื”ืฆื•ืจืžืœื™. ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื›ืžื• ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” ื•ื•ืืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื’ืจื ื“ ืคืจื™.

ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ

ื›ืฉืขืฆืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงืืจื˜ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจ, ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื“ื• ืœื™ ืžื”ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื’ื”. ื”ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ืจื ืœื™ืŸ ืจืขืžื• ื‘ื™ ื›ืžื• ื™ื ืกื•ืขืจ. ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืคืชืื•ื ืฉืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช - ื–ื• ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœื ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืขืงื™ืคื”. ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื™ืžื“ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืืช ืžืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื™ืœ, ื•ืฉื”ื ืื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ืžืื– ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื, ืื ื™ ืžื—ื›ื” ื‘ืงื•ืฆืจ ืจื•ื— ืœืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ, ื”ืคืขื ืขื ืขื•ื“ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.

ื ื”ื™ื’ืช ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื•ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ืžื” ืฉืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื•ื”ืขืจื ื•ืช ื’ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ.
ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™, ื”ืืฆื” ื•ื‘ืœื™ืžื” ืžืคืชื— ืงื•ืื•ืจื“ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ืขื™ืŸ-ื™ื“ ืžืขื•ืœื” ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืคืจืช.
ื”ืื“ืจื ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืœื—ืฆื™ื ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—.
ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื—ื–ืงืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช.
ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืช ื•ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช.
ืžืชืื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื• ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื•ืžื—ื–ืง ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื“ืจืš ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืžืจื’ืฉืช.
ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ืช ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื’ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื.
  1. ื—ืคืฉ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจืš ืขื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช
  2. ื‘ื—ืจ ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืจืžืช ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš (ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืœืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื)
  3. ื”ื’ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืœืกื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื•ื”ืงืฉื‘ื” ืœื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜
  4. ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช ืขื ื‘ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืžืชืื™ื - ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื ื•ื—ื™ื
  5. ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื–ื”ื™ืจื”, ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขื ื”ืจื›ื‘
  6. ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ (ืœืžืฉืœ, ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘-2 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช)
  7. ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกืคืช ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช
  8. ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื–ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœื›ืš ื‘ืžืชื—ื
  • ื’ื™ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ 12+ (ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ)
  • ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื ื•ื—ื”
  • ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื”
  • ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื—ืชื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื”/ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืก ืœืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 18
  • ืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ืžืฉืงืœ, ืืš ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžืจืืฉ ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช
  • ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”
  • ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืจื‘ืข ืฉืขื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจ ืœื”ืกื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช

ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ. ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื ื•ื—ื™ื. ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืกื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ืกื™ืขื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืžืจื—ืง ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื. ืœื ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘, ืฆื•ื•ืืจ, ืœื‘ ืื• ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ. ื’ื™ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ ืžืฉืชื ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ (ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื’ื™ืœ 12 ื•ืžืขืœื”). ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื•ืชืื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช - ื™ืฉ ืœืชืื ืžืจืืฉ.

ืœื, ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžืชืื™ื ื’ื ืœืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื™ื. ื”ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื™ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืจื›ื‘, ื‘ืœื™ืžื” ื•ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™.
ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื’ื™ืœ 12 ื•ืžืขืœื”. ื™ืฉ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืœ 8, ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช.
ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื”ื•ื ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช. ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช, ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ืขื ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื”, ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš.
ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื ืกื•ืœื™ื” ืžื—ื•ืกืคืกืช. ื”ืงืกื“ื” ื•ืืคื•ื“ ื”ืžื’ืŸ ื™ืกื•ืคืงื• ืœืš ื‘ืžืงื•ื. ื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื‘ืš ื‘ืจื›ื‘, ื•ืžืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื.
ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ 10-15 ื“ืงื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื›-30 ื“ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ืฆื™ื•ื“. ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ื›-45-60 ื“ืงื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช.
ืœื ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืฆืœื ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžื˜ืขืžื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ืื• ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆืœื ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœื›ืš.
ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื, ืืš ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืงืœ ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ ืฉืœ ื›-120-130 ืง"ื’. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžืจืืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ.
ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื™ืฉ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืœื•ื•ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื’ื ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืงืœื” ืœืžืœื•ื•ื™ื.
ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื•ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ.
ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืชืื ืžืจืืฉ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช. ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืื• ื“ืจืš ื”ืืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ.
ืœืจื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื’ื•ื‘ื”, ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื ื•ื”ื’ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื“ื•ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื—ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื”ื ื”ื’ ื›ืš ืฉื™ืชืื™ื ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื.
ื›ืŸ, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช, ื™ืžื™ ื›ื™ืฃ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช, ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืคืจื˜ื™, ื•ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืงืœ. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืชืื ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื-ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืจืืฉ ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื.

ืชืŸ ืœืื“ืจื ืœื™ืŸ ืœื–ืจื•ื ืขื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืงืืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื—ืช