ืžื“ืจื™ืš

ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื - ื’ืœื” ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื

ื”ืื–ื ื” ืžื•ื“ืขืช ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”, ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื ื•ืกืคืจื™ ืื•ื“ื™ื• ืฉื™ืขืฉื™ืจื• ืืช ืขื•ืœืžืš ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืขื ื™ืงื• ืœืš ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื

ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘

ืžื‘ื•ื ื—ื–ื•ืชื™

ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืจืื”
Photo by Declan Sun on Unsplash
ื•ื’ ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ื˜
Photo by Tuyen Vo on Unsplash
ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฉื
ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื ื›ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืžืฉื˜ื— ืœื‘ืŸ
Photo by Zyanya BMO on Unsplash
ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื•ื›ื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฉื ืžืื–ื™ื ื” ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”
Photo by Howz Nguyen on Unsplash
ื–ื•ื’ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื•ืช ื–ื•ื’ ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช
Photo by Katie Lyke on Unsplash
ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื–.
Photo by Arthur A on Unsplash
ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื ื›ื‘ืœ
ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฉื
ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ
ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืฅ ื—ื•ื
ื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื‘ืœ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื•ืจื•ื“.
Photo by Arthur A on Unsplash
ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืœื•ืง ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ
ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœืฆืช ืฉืจื•ื•ืœ ืืจื•ืš ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ืกืžืืจื˜ืคื•ืŸ
ื•ื’ ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืฉื—ื•ืจ
ืชืฆืœื•ื ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ
ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœืฆืช ื’ื•ืค ืืคื•ืจื”
ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ื ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื ื›ื‘ืœ
Photo by Fujiphilm on Unsplash
ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืขื ื—ื•ื˜
Photo by Quino Al on Unsplash
ืชืฆืœื•ื ื‘ืฉื—ื•ืจ-ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ื›ื”

ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื”

ืชืžื™ื“ ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืข ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ ืžื•ื›ืจ ืื• ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืคืœื™ื™ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื. ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืฆืืช ืœืžืกืข ื”ืื–ื ื” ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื™ ืชื•ืคืก ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”. ื”ืฉื’ืชื™ ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืกื˜ืจื™ืžื™ื ื’ ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื. ืžืžืฉ ื”ืชืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืžื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืžื“ื• ืœืคื ื™ื™. ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืš ืืžืฆื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ื”ืขืฆื•ื ื”ื–ื”.

ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”

ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืขื ืคืœื™ื™ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืžืฉืชื ื”. ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงืกื ืฉื‘ื”ืื–ื ื” ืคืขื™ืœื” - ืœื ืจืง ืจืขืฉ ืจืงืข, ืืœื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ. ื ื”ื ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืžืกืคืจ ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืขืฉื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช. ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืื–ื™ืŸ ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืื™ืš ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉืœื™, ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ืื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืข ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืœื—ื•ืฅ.

ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ

ื”ืžืกืข ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ ืฉืœื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืžืงืฆื” ืœืงืฆื”. ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื ื”ื ื” ืžื–'ืื ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื”ื, ื•ื”ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื ืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื™ื“ืข ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื”ื”ืื–ื ื” ื”ืคืขื™ืœื” ื”ืคื›ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ืœื–ืžืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื ืขืฆืžื™, ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ืฉืงื˜ ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช. ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืขืฉืจืชื™ ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื ืฉื™ืขืจืชื™. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื™ ื•ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉืžืœื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.

ื”ืื–ื ื” ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืชื•ืจืžืช ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื ืื” ื•ื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ืžืชื—ื™ื ื•ื—ืจื“ื•ืช.
ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื ื•ืกืคืจื™ ืื•ื“ื™ื• ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช.
ื”ืื–ื ื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื•ื”ื”ืงืฉื‘ื”, ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืขื ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืงื™ื ื•ืžืขืฉื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช.
ื”ืื–ื ื” ืœืชื›ื ื™ื ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืฉืคื” ื•ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
ื”ื”ืื–ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืจื’ืขื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืขืฆืžืš.
ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช ื•ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
  1. ื‘ื—ืจ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช ืกื˜ืจื™ืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืš
  2. ื”ืชื—ืœ ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื•ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ืš
  3. ื—ืคืฉ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชืš
  4. ื”ืงืฆื” ื–ืžืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืœื”ืื–ื ื” ืคืขื™ืœื” (ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื”, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”)
  5. ื ืกื” ื–'ืื ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”
  6. ืฆื•ืจ ืคืœื™ื™ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืจื•ื— ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช
  7. ืฉืชืฃ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”
  • ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื—ื›ื ืื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืขื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
  • ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืจืžืงื•ืœื™ื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื
  • ืžื ื•ื™ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืกื˜ืจื™ืžื™ื ื’ (ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™)
  • ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืœื”ืื–ื ื” ืœืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื
  • ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืื• ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช
  • ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืงื˜ ืœื”ืื–ื ื” ืคืขื™ืœื”
  • ืจืืฉ ืคืชื•ื— ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ื”ืงืคื“ ืขืœ ืขื•ืฆืžืช ืฉืžืข ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” (ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžืช ืฉืžืข ืกื‘ื™ืจื”). ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ื™ื–ื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืื–ื ื” ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืจืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื•ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืจื ื™ื™ื ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ืื–ื ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื.

ื”ืชื—ืœ ืžื ื•ืฉื ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš - ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื• ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฉื ืื—ืจ. ื—ืคืฉ ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืคืจืงื™ ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืื™ืชื.
ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ื™ื–ื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื–ื ื” ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช. ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ืื–ื ื” ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžืื“ื ืœืื“ื.
ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ืจื™ืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืื–ื ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช. ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืคืœื™ื™ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืขื ื˜ืขื ื“ื•ืžื” ืื• ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื.
ื”ื”ืขื“ืคื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืืš ืœืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆืœื™ืœ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ืื–ื ื” ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืจืžืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ืฉืžืข ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” (ืขื“ 60% ืžืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืฉืžืข ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช).
ื—ืคืฉื• ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืœื‘ื™ืฉื” ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืขื ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืจืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘. ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืžื™ืงืจื•ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื.
ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜! ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœืœืžื™ื“ืช ืฉืคื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื, ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืขื ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช. ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ืข ืฉืฆื‘ืจื• ืžื”ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื”ื.
ื ืกื• ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืงื˜ื”, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืื–ื ื” ืคืขื™ืœื” (ืœืœื ื”ืกื—ื•ืช ื“ืขืช), ื•ืจืฉืžื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืœื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ื”ืื–ื ื”.
ื›ืŸ, ื”ืื–ื ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืžื™ื“ืข, ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืคืกืคืกืชื ื‘ื”ืื–ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ. ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืื• ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื™ื.
ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–, ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช ืื• ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืช ืืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืœืœื ืžื™ืœื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืจืขืฉ ืœื‘ืŸ ืื• ืฆืœื™ืœื™ ื˜ื‘ืข. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืœืกื•ื’ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื”.
ื›ืŸ, ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื. ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืกื˜ืจื™ืžื™ื ื’ ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืžืข ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืœื•ืกืœืก) ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ืจืง ืขื ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืฉืžืข ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™.
ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื (ืœืžื™ื“ื”, ื”ืจืคื™ื”, ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ) ื•ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืคื•ื“ืงืืกื˜ ืื• ืืœื‘ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื•. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืื–ื ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ื•ืœืกืžืŸ ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืชื›ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.
ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืจื’ื•ืขื” ืื• ืฆืœื™ืœื™ ื˜ื‘ืข ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืจื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื”. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ื™ื™ืžืจ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžืช ืฉืžืข ื ืžื•ื›ื”. ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืชื›ื ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืื• ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”.

ืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• - ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ืžื—ื›ื” ืจืง ืœืš